The purpose of this elective is to familiarize students with data standards and vocabularies, IRB compliance and protocols, as well as HIPAA in practice and research. The course will consist of a mixture of virtual lectures and hand on exercises. At the completion of this elective, the student should be able to:
- Describe how data standards are used in the electronic health record
- Build a protocol for extracting data using data standards, specifically SNOMED, LOINC and ICD-10 codes.
-Build an IRB protocol for a potential project involving human subjects research
- Apply the rules of HIPAA to research and practice situations

The purpose of this elective is to familiarize students with all aspects of the Virtual Data Warehouse (VDW). The course will consist of a mixture of virtual lectures and hand on exercises. At the completion of this elective, the student should be able to:
- Perform a query in Slicer Dicer
- Clean data extracted from the VDW
-Validate data extracted from the VDW
- Discuss and apply different de-identification methods

The purpose of this elective is to identify the key concepts of Clinical Decision Support (CDS). The course will consist of a a mixture of virtual lectures and hand on exercises. At the completion of this elective, the student should be able to:
- Discuss the benefits and drawbacks to Clinical Decision Support
- Critique current CDS alerts
-Design a CDS alert

The purpose of this elective is to familiarize students with Natural Language Processing (NLP). The course will consist of a a mixture of virtual lectures and hand on exercises. At the completion of this elective, the student should be able to:
- Discuss the free platforms available
- Operate Canary NLP tool
- Employ Canary to extract text from EHR notes

The purpose of this elective is to relate the key principles and concepts of precision medicine and how they impact individual and population health. At the completion of this elective, the student should be able to:
1. Describe precision health in medicine and its impact on individual health
2. Provide examples of precision health's impact on individual and population health
3. Discuss the role of Omics in medicine
4. Use precision medicine websites to identify how precision medicine is utilized to help improve individual and population health

Hematology and Oncology provides a fundamental understanding of hematological and tumor biology basic science principles, and the application of this knowledge to clinical hematology, hematological oncology, and cancer. The four-week course focuses on the mechanistic and pathophysiological aspects of blood physiology and neoplasia using clinical examples of the various anemias, leukemias, lymphomas, and selected solid tumors. An overview of basic tumor pathology includes development and progression of benign and malignant disease, grading and staging of tumors, carcinogenesis, and metastasis. The course covers the biological mechanisms underlying cellular growth control, cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, tumor immunology, and the roles of oncogenes and tumor suppressor proteins. The pharmacology of major therapeutic agents used to treat hematological disorders and antineoplastic agents is described. Clinical cases are presented in a team-based learning format to provide reinforcement of basic science concepts as they relate to clinical applications. After completing this course, medical students are able to apply the general concepts of tumor biology and cancer therapeutics to specific neoplastic diseases they encounter in future organ-based courses.

Musculoskeletal system provides a fundamental understanding of musculoskeletal basic science principles, and the application of this knowledge. The five-week course covers normal features and pathological processes of the musculoskeletal system and integument including embryology, anatomy, histology, biochemistry, genetics, physiology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, pharmacology, and therapeutics. Human gross anatomical dissection is an integral component of the course that facilitates the students understanding of anatomical structure/function relationships. Clinical cases are presented in a team-based learning format to provide reinforcement of basic science concepts as they relate to clinical applications. Students gain additional experience in teaching their peers in this course.

Nervous System provides a fundamental understanding of neurological basic science principles and introduction to the application of these principles to diagnosing and treating neurological diseases. The five-week course covers normal features and processes of the nervous system, including embryology, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and immunology, and relates these to pathologies of the nervous system. The course explores the organization, development, and physiology of the human central nervous system in relation to the essential principles of neurological function. This exploration extends from the cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuronal signaling to the organization and function of sensory and motor systems and of higher order, integrative systems. The course provides an understanding of the neural and vascular anatomy of the human brain and spinal cord that is sufficient for localizing lesions within the central nervous system and that supports understanding and performing an effective neurological examination. The course equips students to interpret impairments of sensation, motor function, and cognition that accompany neurological injury and disease, as well as to develop and test mechanistic hypotheses to explain clinical signs and symptoms. The course provides an introduction to pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments for neurological disorders, as well as to basic principles of neuropathology and neuroradiology. Clinical cases are presented in a team-based learning format to provide reinforcement of basic science concepts as they relate to clinical applications.

Cardiovascular System provides a fundamental understanding of cardiovascular basic science principles, and the application of this knowledge to cardiovascular diseases. The five-week course covers normal features and pathological processes of the cardiovascular system, including an integrated presentation of embryology, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and immunology, and their relation to pathologies of the cardiovascular system. Woven through these topics is the practical introduction to key elements of the physical examination of the heart, and basic electrocardiogram interpretation. In addition, current evidence supporting methods of risk assessment, diagnostic testing, and pharmacologic prevention and management of cardiovascular disease are examined. Clinical scenarios such as shock and bradycardia are presented in high fidelity simulation. In addition, clinical cases are presented in a team-based learning format, including valvular heart disease, atherosclerosis, acute myocardial infarction, congenital heart defect, congestive heart failure, and arrhythmias, The simulations and team-based learning cases provide reinforcement of basic science concepts as they relate to clinical applications.

Pulmonary System provides a fundamental understanding of pulmonary basic science principles, and the application of this knowledge to pulmonary diseases. The five-week course covers normal features and pathological processes of the pulmonary system including embryology, anatomy, physiology, microbiology, and immunology, and relating these to pathologies of the pulmonary system. The course starts with detailed and complete explanations of the physiological mechanisms that underlie the act of breathing, followed by exploration of the developmental anatomy of the lung, the gross anatomy of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Clinical problems and pulmonary function test data is examined at the molecular level, the level of the alveolus, the chest wall, and the pulmonary circulation. The course covers pathophysiological changes in lung function and the spectrum of lung disorders commonly seen in the human population. Ventilation-perfusion inequality and gas exchange defects are presented in team based learning exercises. The neurological basis of ventilatory control is investigated, and the role of central and peripheral chemoreceptors in ventilatory drive are uncovered, including a detailed overview of the biochemistry of hydrogen buffering and the mixed physiological buffering mechanisms of the blood. The clinical conditions of sleep apnea and related disorders, obstructive lung disease, restrictive lung disease, neoplastic lung disease, immune mediated hemorrhage syndromes, bacterial and viral bronchitis, fungal and mycoplasma atypical pneumonia, atelectasis, acute respiratory distress syndrome, pleural disease, acute lung injury and failing heart/pulmonary vascular disease are covered. Clinical cases are presented in a team-based learning format to provide reinforcement of basic science concepts as they relate to clinical applications.

Renal and Genitourinary System provides a fundamental understanding of renal and genitourinary basic science principles, and the application of this knowledge to renal and genitourinary diseases. The five-week course covers normal features and pathological processes of the renal and genitourinary system including anatomy, biochemistry, genetics, physiology, microbiology, immunology, pathology, pharmacology and therapeutics, and preventive medicine. The course includes the structure and function of the kidneys, the regulation of fluids and electrolytes, and the common imbalances of renal physiology that result in disease. Working in groups, students will study a number of renal disorders in a team-based learning format including diabetic nephropathy, hypokalemia, renal cancer, transport disorders, and graft vs. host disease following renal transplantation. The course covers the pathophysiology of electrolyte disorders, acid-base disorders, glomerular disease, tubulo-interstitial disease, acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, renal replacement therapies, and urology. Clinical cases are presented in a team-based learning format to provide reinforcement of basic science concepts as they relate to clinical applications.

Gastrointestinal System provides a fundamental understanding of gastrointestinal basic science principles, and the application of this knowledge to gastrointestinal diseases. The five-week course covers normal features and pathological processes of the gastrointestinal system including physiology, pharmacology, anatomy, histology, pathology, mucosal immunology, nutrition, biochemistry, microbiology, developmental biology and neuroscience and relating these to pathologies of the gastrointestinal system. The course provides students with a comprehensive understanding of the diseases and disorders of the gastrointestinal system and its associated accessory organs to: (1) diagnose, effectively treat and manage gastrointestinal-related illnesses, (2) address patient issues and concerns regarding a gastrointestinal complaint and (3) understand the various gastrointestinal-related disorders associated with pediatric and geriatric patients. Clinical sciences and skills include discussion of the common causes of gastrointestinal diseases and disorders, collecting a relevant history based on an abdominal complaint and the appropriate evaluation and treatment of patients with common gastrointestinal abnormalities. Clinical cases are presented in a team-based learning format to provide reinforcement of basic science concepts as they relate to clinical applications.

Endocrinology and Reproduction Systems provides a fundamental understanding of classic endocrinology, followed by the basic principles and pathologies specific to men and women, including the complexities of pregnancy. Clinical content is woven throughout the course to reinforce the basic science concepts as they relate to clinical application(s), and at the end of each week a highly integrated clinical case is presented in team-based learning format. The course is subdivided into two major sections. The first half of the course concentrates on classic endocrinology and includes the hypothalamic-pituitary axis, thyroid function, calcium-phosphate homeostasis, and the adrenal gland. The second half focuses on the gender-specific differences and/or similarities between the reproductive systems of men and women. Multiple events illustrate the 'grey areas' of reproductive health to highlight the ethical, societal and political challenges evident in this area of medicine. The course concludes with the topic of human sexuality, including interactive discussions about the societal and ethical responsibilities (and challenges) that the modern clinician may face when treating members of the straight and LGBT communities.

Behavioral Medicine extends and deepens the understanding of neurological basic science principles provided in Nervous System. The four-week course covers human development as it relates to normal and abnormal intellectual development and psychological well-being, and explores the biopsychosocial model, including the ability to describe and discuss the mechanisms, clinical presentation, and treatment of common psychiatric disorders (e.g., anxiety, mood disorders, substance abuse, psychoses, compulsive disorders, and personality disorders). In conjunction with the Profession of Medicine course, students develop familiarity with the foundations of effective mental status- and psychiatric examinations, as well as psychological and neuropsychological evaluations. The course covers the indications and pharmacological profiles of medications that are commonly used to treat psychiatric disorders, introduces nonpharmacological treatments for psychiatric disorders, and introduces students to the roles and importance of multi-disciplinary teams in neurological and psychiatric rehabilitation. Clinical cases are presented in a team-based learning format to provide reinforcement of basic science concepts as they relate to clinical applications.

In this elective, students will develop an understanding of the gross anatomy of a designated body region through hands-on dissection. Additionally, students will utilize primary literature to create a case study presentation which connects a clinical case with the gross anatomy of the dissected region and other relevant interdisciplinary concepts from pharmacology, physiology, microbiology, histology, etc. On the final day of the elective, students will present the anatomical structures identified during the dissection and their case study to the instructor and other students enrolled in the elective.

Evaluation will be based on performance (ability to dissect the assigned region and apply gross anatomy knowledge through the development of a case study presentation), cooperative learning skills, interpersonal skills, and professionalism.

Total time expectation is 20-30 hours per week.

Clinical Skills is one of the three components of the Profession of Medicine courses. It is structured in a longitudinal format with Clinical Skills Educators (CSEs) for the entire two years. Clinical Skills is the essential core of "doctoring" course. In each of the courses you will learn the fundamental skills necessary to become a skilled future practicing physician. These courses are designed to provide each of you as a medical student the opportunity to build the core knowledge and skills needed for patient care. Excellent communication skills, as well as proficiency in physical diagnosis and clinical reasoning are essential to quality patient care. The Clinical Skills courses are structured to guide you through the basic foundational steps to give each of you the skills and knowledge you will need to provide patient care. The first course begins with a focus on developing your communication skills; the aspects of the medical interview are outlined and through practice sessions with Standardized Patients your proficiency in this area are developed. The next phases of Clinical Skills add the elements of a basic core physical examination along with continued medical interview training. The courses are structured in a developmental format, advancing patient communication skills as well as increasing complexity with physical examination skills and oral and written presentation skills. Each session will build on skills learned in the previous session. Clinical Skills 2 starts with the Comprehensive Core Physical Exam. Standardized patients and peers are used when appropriate for practice. Students will continue to add to their communication skills and begin to organize the approach to the patient history, and focused history for symptom clusters will be introduced.The specific comprehensive Musculoskeletal Physical Exam will be taught during this course as well as the Complete Neuro and Cardio Physical Exam.Standardized patients and peers are used when appropriate for practice. Students will continue to add to their communication skills and begin to organize the approach to the patient history, and focused history for symptom clusters will be introduced.The specific comprehensive Musculoskeletal Physical Exam will be taught during this course as well as the Complete Neuro and Cardio Physical Exam. Cardiac examination on Standardized Patients learning abnormal heart sounds and practice using simulation.

Students will work alongside emergency medicine faculty and senior level residents caring for patients in a high volume emergency department. Students will work three, eight hour ED shifts, and will also attend weekly emergency medicine conferences. Total time expectations will be 25-30 hours per week.

Students will gain familiarity with a high performance prehospital EMS system. Along with EMS faculty and staff, they will attend various standing administrative meetings, and weekly emergency medicine grand rounds/simulation. They will complete two 8-hour ride along shifts with paramedics and one 8-hour ride along shift with medical first responder firefighters. Total time expectations will be approximately 25-30 hours per week.

This is a 30-hour experience. The student will work directly with fellows and faculty in the ambulatory setting providing pre-participation evaluations and evaluation and treatment of musculoskeletal injuries.

This elective is offered in the second term. The elective consists of eight two hour interactive discussions led by faculty with a student moderator. Each event includes preparatory readings and videos related to the discussion topic.

Each student is responsible for developing and moderating a one hour educational event as assigned by the course director.

This elective allows students to travel to India to collaborate with the Institute for Rural Health Studies (IRHS). Students will collaborate on a project identified by the IRHS, and with the guidance of the organization and the elective director, will contribute to their chosen project.

This elective course is focused at the intersection of interprofessional education, cultural diversity, and environmental justice in Puerto Rico. This longitudinal elective will help students understand the Puerto Rican healthcare system to better prepare them to work with diverse communities and to address health inequities. Topics covered in this course will include structural health inequities, and the impacts of colonialism on healthcare, the effect of climate change on healthcare and the complexities of providing ethical healthcare aid. Facilitated group discussions will focus on environmental justice, social determinants of health, structural racism and social justice. Students will gain the skills to not only identify health inequities unique to Puerto Ricans, but also how to mitigate their effects by working interprofessionally with nurses and social workers.

The course will combine in person classroom instruction, self-directed online learning, and an optional onsite experiential learning opportunity in San Juan Puerto Rico within the El Cano Martin Pena (ECMP) community. Spots for the travel portion of this elective are limited.

This one week elective is designed for M1/M2 students interested in learning the basic skills of history taking and examination of acute and chronic musculoskeletal condition. At the completion of this objective student should be able demonstrate these basic skills as well understand the underlying principle of musculoskeletal ultrasound and electrodiagnosis. This elective is held virtually through Microsoft Teams.

Canopy Learn, the Canopy Medical Spanish training course teaches English-speaking providers the skills needed to communicate effectively with Spanish-speaking patients. With a modular lesson design, this elective can be taken at your own pace. Relecant for all proficiency levels: with progressive course levels, it's appropriate for beginners who have little or no prior knowledge of Spanish. Each level is a 12-hour commitment. Reading, writing, listening, and speaking exercises provide learners a diverse, interactive blend of activities that emulate language learning with a tutor. There is a custom written and produced Telenovela focus on the most common practitioner-patient interactions, demonstrating the factual context in which medical Spanish is used.

Canopy Learn, the Canopy Medical Spanish training course, teaches English-speaking providers the skills needed to communicate effectively with Spanish-speaking patients. With a modular lesson design, this elective can be taken at your own pace. Each level is approximately a 12 to 15-hour commitment. Students are expected to complete two consecutive levels within an elective week.

Prerequisites: Students should have an intermediate Spanish level proficiency (usually equivalent to three to four college semesters of Spanish). Learner must achieve a score of 70% pass on the Canopy Pre-Course Assessment Test to enroll in Levels II & III. The assessment test is available at: http://learn.canopyapps.com/courses/16/trial.

This elective is designed to provide a framework for patient safety concepts. It utilizes IHI Open School modules and a reflection of a hallmark article.

This elective is designed to provide a framework for quality improvement in healthcare. It utilizes IHI Open School resources to provide a foundation in the area of CQI.

This course will be examine the theoretical and practical implications of the modern healthcare system through the lens of critical race theory. CRT is a lens that seeks to unmask and illuminate structural and societal implications of race and racial disparities in the current healthcare system. After completing some required background readings, students will be permitted to explore any aspect of the issues raised and produce a basic research project.

A detailed inquiry into the theory, practice, and history of the narrative form in the context of the modern medico-industrial complex. Through the humanities and humanities-based analysis, students will be afforded the opportunity to develop their own creative skills, but also be able to gain new avenues to better connect with their patients. After completing some required background readings, students will be permitted to explore any aspect of the issues raised and produce a basic research project.

America has been described as a 'death denying culture'. Dying in America is a complex process. Legal, cultural, and medical barriers often prevent patient from dying in the manner, at the time, and in the location of their preference. A detailed inquiry into the physiological, legal, and social process of death and dying. This course will allow students to delve deeply into the philosophical and legal issues involved in death in America. After completing some required background readings, students will be permitted to explore any aspect of the issues raised and produce a basic research project.

Catholic Healthcare Ethics has played a significant role in the development of secular bioethics and continues to influence medical practice, at times controversially, in Church-owned and operated healthcare facilities and hospitals. This course will allow students to delve deeply into a current area of debate within Catholic Healthcare Ethics. After completing some required background readings, students will be permitted to explore any aspect of the issues raised and produce a basic research project.

"The past is never dead. It's not even past." - William Faulkner

The history of the field of medicine is the story of its current state. In this elective, students will develop a research question related to an area of individual interest, develop a bibliography, and stake a historian's position. After an initial period of inquiry and investigation, the student will produce a paper on their chosen topic relating to a particular period, movement, or figure in the history of medicine.

Students will work alongside forensic pathology faculty and staff providing forensic pathology services in a high-volume medical examiner's office. Students will work alongside autopsy assistants, the forensic pathology fellow, and attending pathologists for five days, and will also attend daily forensic pathology conferences. Total time expectations will be 20-30 hours per week.

This longitudinal elective will take place in 10 one-hour sessions from 5:30-6:30pm with assigned practices and reflection to be done outside of class between sessions. We will start each session with an opening mediation, and then a brief check-in with students about the previous week. Then, we will introduce a new mindfulness technique (examples include eating meditation, walking meditation, and journaling), after which we will debrief about the experience. This is an excellent opportunity to get to know your peers in a small group environment, and to acquire tools to build resiliency in the challenging field of medicine. Students must attend 7 of the 10 dates for credit, and are encouraged to attend weekly.

This elective covers key concepts and strategies across multiple facets of mind-body-spirit wellness. Students are asked to reflect on the application of this content in relation to their own professional and personal well-being and to identify ways in which they can promote individual and institutional wellness in their daily interactions with peers, patients, and community members. The elective will be interactive and experientially based. A retreat day will be held in person as part of the elective, or virtually, as necessary.

The integration of spirituality into the practice of medicine holds many opportunities for deepening the meaning and impact of health care relationships for providers and patients alike. At the same time, multiple obstacles exist to practically implementing whole-person care in the ways encouraged in scholarly writings and training programs. This elective offers students an overview of existing resources and current research in this area, and invites them to reflect on their own values and interests in engaging in medical practice in a way that promotes mind-body-spirit well-being.